The latest Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) report by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) has said that half of health care facilities worldwide lack basic hygiene services with water and soap or alcohol-based hand rub where patients receive care and at toilets in those facilities.
A statement issued by the duo on Tuesday said around 3.85 billion people use these facilities, putting them at greater risk of infection, including 688 million people who receive care at facilities with no hygiene services at all.
In response, WHO Director, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, Dr. Maria Neira, called on all World Health Assembly member states to step up efforts in water sanitation and other hygienic practices:
“Hygiene facilities and practices in health care settings are non-negotiable. Their improvement is essential to pandemic recovery, prevention and preparedness. Hygiene in healthcare facilities cannot be secured without increasing investments in basic measures, which include safe water, clean toilets, and safely managed health care waste.
“I encourage Member States to step up their efforts to implement their 2019 World Health Assembly commitment to strengthen water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services in health care facilities, and to monitor these efforts”, she said.
According to the statement, the latest report, “Progress on WASH in healthcare facilities 2000–2021: special focus on WASH and infection prevention and control”, had for the first time established the global baseline on hygiene services – which assessed access at points of care as well as toilets – as more countries than ever report on critical elements of WASH services in their hospitals and other health centres.
It added that, “For hygiene, data are now available for 40 countries, representing 35% of the world’s population, up from 21 countries in 2020 and 14 in 2019.
“The newly established global estimate reveals a clearer and more alarming picture of the state of hygiene in health care facilities. Though 68% of health care facilities had hygiene facilities at points of care, and 65% had handwashing facilities with water and soap at toilets, only 51% had both and therefore met the criteria for basic hygiene services. Furthermore, 1 in 11 (9%) of health care facilities globally have neither”.
Also, UNICEF Director of WASH and Climate, Environment, Energy, and Disaster Risk Reduction (CEED), Kelly Ann Naylor stated that healthcare facilities lacking basic hygiene and sanitation services were potential death traps for pregnant mothers, newborns, and children:
“If health care providers don’t have access to a hygiene service, patients don’t have a health care facility.
“Hospitals and clinics without safe water and basic hygiene and sanitation services are a potential death trap for pregnant mothers, newborns, and children. Every year, around 670 000 newborns lose their lives to sepsis. This is a travesty – even more so as their deaths are preventable”, she said.
The report noted that contaminated hands and environments play a significant role in pathogen transmission in health care facilities and the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
It said interventions to increase access to handwashing with water and soap and environmental cleaning form the cornerstone of infection prevention and control programmes and are crucial to providing quality care, particularly for safe childbirth.
It further noted that coverage of WASH facilities was still uneven across different regions and income groupings:
“Facilities in sub-Saharan Africa are lagging on hygiene services. While three-quarters (73%) of health care facilities in the region overall have alcohol-based hand rub or water and soap at points of care, only one-third (37%) have handwashing facilities with water and soap at toilets. The vast majority (87%) of hospitals have hand hygiene facilities at points of care, compared to 68% of other healthcare facilities.
“In the Least Developed Countries, only 53% of health care facilities have access on-premises to a protected water source. To compare, the global figure is 78% with hospitals (88%) doing better than smaller health care facilities (77%), and the figure for eastern and south-eastern Asia is 90%. Globally, around 3% of health care facilities in urban areas and 11% in rural areas had no water service.
“Of the countries with available data, 1 in 10 health care facilities globally had no sanitation service. The proportion of health care facilities with no sanitation services ranged from 3% in Latin America and the Caribbean and in eastern and south-eastern Asia to 22% in sub-Saharan Africa. In the Least Developed Countries, just 1 in 5 (21%) had basic sanitation services in health care facilities”, the report said.
The data further revealed that many healthcare facilities lacked basic environmental cleaning and safe segregation and disposal of health care waste.
